被动
简介
英语语态分为 主动语态 和 被动语态，想要强调什么就把什么放在前面。
时态
被动语态 就是将主动语态句子的宾语提前当主语，并将谓语动词的 do 改为 be done。
完成进行时态 基本不用于被动；此外 将来进行 和 过去将来进行 的被动形式在现代英语中也很少使用，尽管语法上可以构造，但在实际写作和口语中通常避免使用。
| 时态 | 一般 | 进行 | 完成 | 完成进行 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 现在 | 一般现在时态 do/does am/is/are done | 现在进行时态 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done | 现在完成时态 have/has done have/has been done | 现在完成进行时态 have/has been doing have/has been being done |
| 过去 | 一般过去时态 did was/were done | 过去进行时态 was/were doing was/were being done | 过去完成时态 had done had been done | 过去完成进行时态 had been doing had been being done |
| 将来 | 一般将来时态 will do will be done | 将来进行时态 will be doing will be being done | 将来完成时态 will have done will have been done | 将来完成进行时态 will have been doing will have been being done |
| 过去将来 | 一般过去将来时态 would do would be done | 过去将来进行时态 would be doing would be being done | 过去将来完成时态 would have done would have been done | 过去将来完成进行时态 would have been doing would have been being done |
基本句型
对于 种 基本句型，显然被动语态需要宾语，因此只有及物动词才有被动语态。
不及物动词
主动语态：主语 + do.
没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。
单及物动词
主动语态：主语 + do + 宾语.
被动语态：宾语 + be done (+ by + 主语).
Example
- She bought a dress. A dress was bought by her.
双及物动词
主动语态：主语 + do + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语.
强调间接宾语的被动语态：间接宾语 + be done + 直接宾语 (+ by + 主语).
强调直接宾语的被动语态：直接宾语 + be done + to + 间接宾语 (+ by + 主语).
Example
- I teach you English. You are taught English by me. / English is taught to you by me.
复杂及物动词
主动语态：主语 + do + 宾语 + 宾语补语.
被动语态：宾语 + be done + 宾语补语 (+ by + 主语).
Example
- Peter considers you smart. You are considered smart by Peter.
连系动词
主动语态：主语 + do + 主语补语（表语）.
没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。